REEH: Residual Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Clustered Hierarchy Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are spatially distributed micro sensor systems. WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten the life time of the system. Prolonging the life time depends on efficient communication protocol architecture. LEACH hierarchical homogeneous communication protocol which greatly minimizes the energy consumed in collecting and disseminating data. In this paper, impact of heterogeneity in energy of nodes to prolong the life time of WSN is described. A protocol is proposed, which is heterogeneous in energy than the LEACH protocol, further more residual energy of the network is used in which cluster head(CH) is selected based on the residual energy of the node and the cluster. This research work present a metrics approach, FND (first node dies), HNA (Half of the nodes alive) and LND (last node dies), to define lifetime of WSN. Simulation results using NS-2.27 shows that the proposed Leachheterogeneous and residual energy based Leach protocol significantly reduces energy consumption and increase the total lifetime of the wireless sensor network compared to the homogeneous LEACH protocol.